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Through calculating the scatter diagrams of the streamfunction (ψP or ψT) versus potential vorticity (PV) (qP or qT), where ψP and ψT are the planetary-scale streamfunction and total streamfunction, respectively, and using a weakly nonlinear NAO model proposed in Part I of this paper, it is suggested that negative- and positive-phase NAO events may approximately correspond to free modes even though driven by synoptic-scale eddies. In a planetary-scale field, the qP(ψP) scatter diagram of an NAO event exhibits a linear multivalued functional relationship in a narrow region for the negative phase, but exhibits a linear single-valued functional relationship during the positive phase. It was also found that there is no steepening of the slope of the main straight line in the qP(ψP) scatter diagrams for two phases of the NAO event. Instead, the slope of the straight line in the scatterplots is time independent throughout the life cycle of the NAO event. However, when synoptic-scale eddies are included...

Dynamics of Eddy-Driven Low-Frequency Dipole Modes. Part II: Free Mode Characteristics of NAO and Diagnostic Study