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Turbulence is ever produced in the low-viscosity/large-scale fluid flows bythe velocity shears and, in unstable stratification, by buoyancy forces. It iscommonly believed that both mechanisms produce the same type of chaoticmotions, namely, the eddies breaking down into smaller ones and producingdirect cascade of turbulent kinetic energy and other properties from large tosmall scales towards viscous dissipation. The conventional theory based on thisvision yields a plausible picture of vertical mixing and remains in use sincethe middle of the 20th century in spite of increasing evidence of the fallacyof almost all other predictions. This paper reveals that in fact buoyancyproduces chaotic vertical plumes, merging into larger ones and producing aninverse cascade towards their conversion into the self-organized regularmotions. Herein, the velocity shears produce usual eddies spreading in alldirections and making the direct cascade. This new paradigm is demonstrated andproved empirically; so, the paper launches a comprehensive revision of thetheory of unstably stratified turbulence and its numerous geophysical orastrophysical applications.

Order out of chaos: Shifting paradigm of convective turbulence