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A method based on the synergistic use of low earth orbit and geostationary earth orbit satellite data for aerosoltypecharacterization and aerosol optical thickness (AOT: ta) retrieval and monitoring over the ocean is presentedin Part I of this paper. The method is now applied to a strong dust outbreak over the Atlantic Ocean in June1997 and to two other relevant transport events of biomass burning and desert dust aerosol that occurred in2000 over the Atlantic and Indian Oceans, respectively. The retrievals of the aerosol optical properties arechecked against retrievals from sun and sky radiance measurements from the ground-based Aerosol RoboticNetwork (AERONET). The single-scattering albedo values obtained from AERONET are always within the errorbars presented for Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) retrievals, resulting in differences lower than0.041. The retrieved AOT values are compared with the independent space–time-collocated measurements fromthe AERONET, as well as to the satellite aerosol official products of the Polarization and Directionality of theEarth Reflectances (POLDER) and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). A first estimateof the AOT accuracy derived from comparisons with AERONET data leads to 60.02 6 0.22ta when all AOTvalues are retained or to 60.02 6 0.16ta for aerosol transport events (AOT . 0.4). The upwelling flux at thetop of the atmosphere (TOA) was computed with radiative transfer calculations and used to estimate the TOAdirect shortwave aerosol radiative forcing; a comparison with space–time-collocated measurements from theClouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) TOA flux product was also done. It was found thatmore than 90% of the values differ from CERES fluxes by less than 615%

Aerosol Characterization and Direct Radiative Forcing Assessment over the Ocean. Part II: Application to Test Cases and Validation