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Using COADS data spanning 1947–1988, we describe the regional nature of the Atlantic Ocean wind-driven circulation between 30°8 and 60°N and its annual and interannual variability. The Sverdrup streamfunction defines the circulation gyres. Our focus is on three central gyres: the Northern Hemisphere anticyclonic subtropical gyre, the cyclonic tropical gyre just north of the equator, and the clockwise equatorial gyre straddling the equator. This rendition of the Sverdrup streamfunction, computed with constant drag coefficient and air density, compares favorably with that from other climatologies. In the Straits of Florida, analyses suggest that differences between the annual cycle in Sverdrup transport and observations may be due to regional winds farther north. In the tropical gyre, the Sverdrup circulation argues against a continuous western boundary current transporting water from the equatorial region into the Caribbean in boreal winter, bringing to question the mechanisms for the known interh...

A Description of COADS Surface Meteorological Fields and the Implied Sverdrup Transports for the Atlantic Ocean from 30°S to 60°N