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Internal variations of the troposphere–stratosphere coupled system with intraseasonal and interannual timescales are investigated in a parameter sweep experiment with a simple global circulation model under a periodic annual forcing. In order to examine the role of forced planetary waves in the variations, the amplitude of a sinusoidal surface topography is chosen as an experimental parameter; 100-yr integrations are performed for each of 10 topographic amplitudes from 0 to 3000 m. The extratropical stratospheric circulation depends on the topographic amplitude in its mean seasonal march and intraseasonal and interannual variations. In the run without the topography, the stratospheric circulation is basically driven thermally and hardly shows interannual variation in any seasons. In the runs in which the topography is included, on the other hand, the stratospheric circulation is dynamically active and shows large interannual variation in different seasons, that is, spring for small topographic am...

journal of the atmospheric sciences

Internal Interannual Variability of the Troposphere–Stratosphere Coupled System in a Simple Global Circulation Model. Part I: Parameter Sweep Experiment