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In 1983 the project “Travaux d'Oceanographie Spatiale: Capteurs Actifs dans l'Atlantique Nord-Est” (TOSCANE) was initiated in view of calibration, validation, and use of satelliteborne scatterometer and altimeter measurements in terms of wind and wave data, with special emphasis on the ERS-1 satellite to be launched in 1991 by the European Space Agency. The wind measurements from an array of buoys and ship and land stations, deployed during the last experiment within the program, TOSCANE-2, are described, and a method is given to evaluate their accuracy. When comparing wind data from two measuring stations at sea, the averaging time has to be selected according to the separation distance between the two locations to filter out the space-induced wind variability. For buoy and ship comparisons, for distances less than 3 km, a 10-min averaging time was found to be a lower limit. For pairs of buoys separated by 25 or 35 km, the standard deviation of differences decreases with averaging time, in the s...

Accuracy of Wind Measurements Performed on Buoys, Ship, and Island during the TOSCANE-2 Experiment