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How do cells cope with damage to genetic material? This year’s Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research Award honors two distinct leaders in the field, Evelyn Witkin and Stephen Elledge, for their groundbreaking work to answer this question and uncover the cellular responses to DNA damage (Figure 1). Early in her career, Witkin isolated strains of UV-resistant bacteria and subsequently played a pivotal role in developing the SOS model of bacterial DNA damage response. A generation later, Elledge identified a number of key components of the signal transduction cascades that are critical for eukaryotic cells to sense and respond to damaged DNA and blocked DNA replication forks. Collectively, their work sheds light on multiple pathways that enable cells across the evolutionary spectrum to maintain genomic integrity.

Evelyn Witkin and Stephen Elledge share the 2015 Lasker Basic Medical Award