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Myocardial oxygen consumption was measured in 11 anesthetized, open-chest dogs in order to compare in the same heart the relative influence on oxygen usage of tension development and the contractile or inotropic state, as reflected in V(max.) the maximum velocity of shortening of the unloaded contractile elements. The isovolumetrically contracting left ventricle was studied with left ventricular volume, heart rate, and systemic perfusion rate controlled. Wall tension, contractile element velocity, and V(max) were calculated. Peak developed tension was increased at a constant V(max) by increasing ventricular volume, and the effect on oxygen consumption was determined. Oxygen utilization was then redetermined at an increased V(max) but at a constant peak developed tension by infusing norepinephrine (0.76 to 7.6 mug/min) and decreasing ventricular volume to match the tension existing before norepinephrine infusion. Oxygen consumption consistently increased with increases in both developed tension and V(max) with the following multiple regression equation relating these variables: myocardial oxygen consumption (mul/beat per 100 g in LV) = K + 0.25 peak developed tension (g/cm(2)) + 1.43 V(max) (cm/sec). These data indicate that the oxygen cost of augmentation of contractility is substantial, can be independent of any change in fiber shortening, and is similar in order of magnitude to the effect of alterations in tension development

Control of myocardial oxygen consumption: relative influence of contractile state and tension development