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Pressure-volume characteristics and surface tension measurements of the lamb of 120 to 130 days gestational age were typical of the mature lung in the upper lobes and the immature lung in the lower lobes. By term both upper and lower lobes had findings characteristic of the mature animal. Phospholipid concentration per milligram DNA and per cent saturated fatty acids on pulmonary phosphatidyl choline were relatively constant from 60 to 120 days gestational age; thereafter there was a significant increase in both measurements. These changes usually coincided with an increase in osmiophilic inclusion bodies in the large alveolar cell.A concentration of disaturated phosphatidyl choline per milligram DNA in excess of 0.170 mg per mg was associated with a minimal surface tension below 13 dynes per cm (p &lt; 0.001). Newborn animal lungs contained over 3 times this critical concentration, whereas adult lungs contained 1.5 times this value. The excess disaturated phosphatidyl choline per milligram DNA may represent a reservoir of pulmonary surfactant.

Correlations of Mechanical Stability, Morphology, Pulmonary Surfactant, and Phospholipid Content in the Developing Lamb Lung*