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The energy for bile formation must be derived from intrahepatic processes rather than from the hydrostatic pressure of the blood (1). As Sperber has indicated (2), there is a variety of reasons for believing that the secretion of organic anions, and particularly of bile salts, may play a primary role in the production of bile. The bile salts are secreted by active transport (3), they constitute a substantial fraction of the total bile solutes, and are very effective choleretics in most species (4-6). Therefore, one of the objectives of the present studies was the exploration of the relationship between taurocholate secretion and the output of water and inorganic electrolytes in the bile. Previous studies (7) demonstrated the occurrence of marked spontaneous fluctuations in bile flow and composition in unanesthetized dogs even during constant infusions of sodium taurocholate. These fluctuations were thought to represent the addition of variable quantities of an alkaline fluid similar to that which is produced in abundance during secretin stimulation. These findings suggested the existence of transport mechanisms altogether independent of taurocholate secretion. In order to explore this possibility, a detailed examination of the effects of intravenous secretin was also included in the present work. The spontaneous fluctuations in bile flow and composition, although significant in themselves, constituted a technical obstacle to the systematic study of the effects of varying rates of taurocholate secretion. It was therefore desirable to minimize these fluctuations. This was accomplished by ad-

the journal of clinical investigation/the journal of clinical investigation

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TAUROCHOLATE SECRETION RATE AND BILE PRODUCTION IN THE UNANESTHETIZED DOG DURING CHOLINERGIC BLOCKADE AND DURING SECRETIN ADMINISTRATION*