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The esterification of long chain fatty acids has been shown to represent an important phase of fat absorption in the rat and in man (1-4). Although some glycerides are not completely hydrolyzed prior to absorption, a large proportion of the fatty acids is liberated in the intestinal lumen (5, 6) only to appear in the lymph as neutral fat in chylomicrons (7-9). In contrast, short chain fatty acids pass largely unchanged into the portal vein (3, 10, 11). The conversion of long chain fatty acids into neutral fat occurs in the mucosa of the small intestine, but the processes involved have not been clearly demonstrated. Favarger and Gerlach (12) supported the hypothesis that this formation of neutral fat was due to a synthetic action of a mucosal lipase. However, the demonstration in liver that the activation of a fatty acid by Coenzyme A (CoA) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a necessary preliminary step prior to glyceride bond synthesis (13-17) has suggested that a similar mechanism may obtain in the mucosa of the small intestine. In the present investigation, by using homogenates of rat and human intestinal mucosa, a very active system has been demonstrated which is capable of incorporating long chain fatty acids into neutral fat. This system is dependent upon ATP and CoA and is more active in the jejunum than in the ileum or colon. Short chain fatty acids are not incorporated. It has been observed that homogenates from the jejunum of patients with idiopathic steatorrhea possess greatly diminished activity.

THE ESTERIFICATION OF PALMITATE-1-C14 BY HOMOGENATES OF INTESTINAL MUCOSA*†