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When the supply of oxygen to the interior of living cells is reduced to a rate insufficient for their current metabolic needs for oxygen, then various cellular oxidation-reduction systems must shift toward a more reduced state. Thus, as the oxygen tension falls the "oxidation potential" ("Eh") decreases (1, 2), (the rate of decrease being a complex and variable function of Po2 and also of the rate of energy utilization), and the various redox systems shift toward their reduced forms in a sequence determined by their inherent redox characteristics (1), cytochrome oxidase, the cytochromes and their dependent systems, flavoproteins and diphosphopyridine nucleotide (DPN). The lowest potential in the "carrier" system is that of DPN, which is the final electron donator and functions also in the "metabolic" oxidative systems; the rates of the oxidations of energy metabolism are not affected until DPN is affected. When the oxidative potential in the hypoxic cell has diminished to the level of the potentials of the "metabolic" systems, the first of these DPN-coupled systems to become reversed will be the one of potential closest to that of DPN: DPNH2, the lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) system.

RELATIONSHIPS OF PYRUVATE AND LACTATE DURING ANAEROBIC METABOLISM. II. EXERCISE AND FORMATION OF O2-DEBT1