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The role of the adrenal cortex in the maintenance of homeostasis has been reviewed extensively by Sayers (1). It is evident from the experimental data published, as well as from observations on patients with adrenal insufficiency, that the adrenal cortex is necessary for the maintenance of life when untoward conditions are present in the environment. Such conditions have been referred to as "stresses" by Selye (2) and many others. "Stress," however, is such a nonspecific term that its use may lead to confusion. It has become apparent from studies in our laboratory that various noxious agents may have different effects on the circulating levels of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids. Consequently, the concept that all types of "stress" have a similar effect on adrenal secretion and adrenal steroid metabolism does not seem to be justified. However, in a variety of such "stressful" circumstances (exposure to cold, trauma, histamine, etc.) in animals it has been demonstrated that a stereotyped series of events ensues which has been presumed to result from stimulation of the adrenal cortex by adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) (1, 3). In the adrenal cortex itself the changes have included depletion of ascorbic acid and cholesterol and increase in the weight of the gland. All of these are characteristic effects of ACTH

The Effects of Surgery on the Blood Levels and Metabolism and 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids in Man12