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Although the amount of sodium contained within the human body has been determined in a number of fetuses and newborns by direct chemical analysis, no such data are available for the adult. This value has been estimated (by means which are not clear) to be 63 Gm. by Shohl (2), 56 Gm. by Hackh (3), and 105 Gm. by Sherman (4) for a 70 Kg. man. The literature contains reports of the chemical analysis of one adult carcass, but unfortunately values for sodium are not given (5). The importance of sodium in the electrolyte economy of the human body prompted us to undertake a study of the feasibility of determining total body sodium by the isotopic dilution method. In vAtro applications of isotopic dilution analysis are well known, and present no particular difficulties under conditions wherein the system to be studied is a closed one. The method was applied to man for the determination of total body water in 1934 by Hevesy and Hofer (6) who used deuterium, a stable isotope, in their experiments. More recently radioactive hydrogen has been used for the same purpose (7). Although Kaltreider and his co-workers (8) made the suggestion several years ago that they were measuring total body sodium in experiments aimed at determination of extracellular fluid volume, F. D. Moore (9) was the first to emphasize the potentialities of the isotopic dilution method for the measurement of total body sodium and potassium in addition to total body water in man, and re-

ESTIMATION OF TOTAL BODY SODIUM BY ISOTOPIC DILUTION. I. STUDIES ON YOUNG ADULTS 123