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When studying how people search for objects in scenes, the inhomogeneity ofthe visual field is often ignored. Due to physiological limitations peripheralvision is blurred and mainly uses coarse-grained information (i.e., low spatialfrequencies) for selecting saccade targets, whereas high-acuity central visionuses fine-grained information (i.e., high spatial frequencies) for analysis ofdetails. Here we investigated how spatial frequencies and color affect objectsearch in real-world scenes. Using gaze-contingent filters we attenuated highor low frequencies in central or peripheral vision while viewers searched coloror grayscale scenes. Results showed that peripheral filters and centralhigh-pass filters hardly affected search accuracy, whereas accuracy droppeddrastically with central low-pass filters. Peripheral filtering increased thetime to localize the target by decreasing saccade amplitudes and increasingnumber and duration of fixations. The use of coarse-grained information in theperiphery was limited to color scenes. Central filtering increased the time toverify target identity instead, especially with low-pass filters. We concludethat peripheral vision is critical for object localization and central visionis critical for object identification. Visual guidance during peripheral objectlocalization is dominated by low-frequency color information, whereashigh-frequency information, relatively independent of color, is most importantfor object identification in central vision.

How spatial frequencies and color drive object search in real-world scenes: A new eye-movement corpus