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The transactivator protein Tat encoded by the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) genome reduces glutathione levels in mammalian cells. Because the retina contains large amounts of glutathione, a study was undertaken to determine the influence of Tat on glutathione levels, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity, and the expression and activity of the cystine-glutamate transporter xc- in the human retinal pigment epithelial cell line ARPE-19 and in retina from Tat-transgenic mice.

investigative ophthalmology and visual science

Induction of Cystine-Glutamate Transporter x<sub>c</sub><sup>−</sup>by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Transactivator Protein Tat in Retinal Pigment Epithelium

Induction of Cystine-Glutamate Transporter xc−by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Transactivator Protein Tat in Retinal Pigment Epithelium

Induction of Cystine-Glutamate Transporter x_c⁻by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Transactivator Protein Tat in Retinal Pigment Epithelium