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The surface reconstruction of the Fe catalyst films due to high temperatureprocessing in hydrogen prior to nanotube nucleation and its effect on thegrowth morphologies of partially filled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) synthesizedusing atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) of propane wasinvestigated. Results show that pre-heating of the catalyst film deeplyinfluences the particle size distribution, which governs the growthmorphologies of the corresponding CNTs. The distribution of the catalystparticles over the Si substrate was analyzed before and after the heattreatment by atomic force microscopy (AFM) which reveals that heat treatmentcauses clusters of catalyst to coalesce and form macroscopic islands. The X-raydiffraction (XRD) pattern of the grown material indicates that they aregraphitic in nature. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis suggested thatthe growth density strongly depends on the pre heat treatment of the Fecatalyst film. Multiwalled CNTs with partial catalyst filling were observed viahigh-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) measurements. Thedegree of graphitization of the CNTs also depends on the pre heating asdemonstrated by Raman analysis. A simple model for the growth of partiallycatalyst filled nanotubes is proposed.

Pre-heating effect on the catalytic growth of partially filled carbon nanotubes by chemical vapor deposition