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Spontaneously passivated sputter-deposited W-22Ti and W-58Ti alloys showed higher corrosion resistance than those of tungsten and titanium metals in 12 M HCl solution open to air at 30°C. Average corrosion rates of W-(22-58)Ti alloys (that is, about 9.5-18.5 × 10-3 mm/y) were found to be about three and half orders of magnitude lower than titanium and even lower than that of tungsten metal. Such synergistic effect of the simultaneous additions of tungsten and titanium in the extremely high corrosion resistance properties of the sputter-deposited amorphous/nanocrystalline W-xTi alloys was investigated using angle resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (ARXPS) analyses. In-depth surface analyses of the thin passive films of the W-xTi alloys using angle resolved XPS analyses revealed that the high corrosion resistance of the amorphous/nanocrystalline W-xTi alloys is mostly due to the formation of homogeneous passive double oxyhydroxide films consisting of Wox and Ti4+ cations without any concentration gradient in-depth in 12 M HCl solution at 30°C. Consequently, titanium metal acts synergistically with tungsten in enhancing the spontaneous passivity as well as the high corrosion resistance of the sputter-deposited binary W-xTi alloys.

Review on In-depth Analysis of the Passive Films of W-xTi Alloys by Angle Resolved X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy