A Low Temperature Manufactured Portland Cement Clinker from Pulverized Waste of Fly Ash

The possibility to produce both environmentally and friendly cement exclusively or solely from industrial byproducts such as pulverized fly ash (PFa) was investigated. A low clinkering temperature was attained or acquired to produce cement. It is capable to gain high early and late strength on hydration. The optimum quantities of PFa and clinkering temperature were detected. The results indicated that the higher the clinkering temperature, the higher hydration reactivity of the cement. The optimum PFa content and clinkering temperature for synthesizing cement were found to be 35 wt. % and 1350°C, respectively. The production of cement with PFa at a low clinkering temperature can save energy and natural resources consumption, landfills disposal cost and also can reduce CO2↑ emission. The formed major phases in presence of PFa are more or less the same as those of the blank as experimentally achieved and approved by the compressive strength. As the PFa content increased, the free lime contents decreased, and also the firing or clinkering temperature decreased. The optimum PFa content must not exceed than 35 wt. %, and any further increase of Pfa resulted in adverse effects on all characteristics of the produced clinker.