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This paper argues that expulsion decisions in the United Kingdom are sometimes at variance with the very important non-refoulement obligations in international law and raises fundamental issues of concern. However, recent legal developments in the Strasbourg jurisprudence and the Court of Justice of the European Union seem to halt this trend of the vanishing relevance of non-refoulement obligations-a Daniel has come to judgment. This paper, applying the documentary analysis methodology argues that except this nascent development is maintained and sustained, non-refoulement obligations may still remain ‘theoretical and illusory rather than practical and effective’. The bottom line is that a State is not excused from its human rights obligations by transferring, returning or removing a migrant to another State even on the basis of agreement without actually determining whether there will be violations of the individual’s rights under international refugee law or international human rights law. It has therefore been shown that there is overwhelming evidence pointing to the establishment of non-refoulement as a norm of customary international law with wide acceptance by the international community of the prohibition of torture and cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment, as jus cogens.

Reject and Eject: Arresting the Vanishing Relevance of &lt;i&gt;Non-refoulement&lt;/i&gt; Obligations in the United Kingdom

Reject and Eject: Arresting the Vanishing Relevance of <i>Non-refoulement</i> Obligations in the United Kingdom