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This retrospective and cross-sectional study in the Bertoua prison, which has benefited from the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) medical and nutrition program since 2015, assesses its effect in improving the therapeutic success rates of anti-TB treatments compared to that of Douala, not beneficiary and chosen as a witness. There was an exhaustive collection of new and old TB cases diagnosed at entry, before or during incarceration between January 1st and December 31st, 2018. Of the 975 and 3300 people incarcerated on average during this period Bertoua and Douala prisons, 27 cases and 79 cases of TB were recorded. The diagnosis of the cases was made according to the good clinical practices recommended by the National Tuberculosis Control Program (NTCP). At the delivery of the results only 37.0% and 6.6% of these screened detainees were put on treatment on the first day and some later (p <0.05). Of the 23 and 51 new cases in 2018, 14 and 47 patients were put on a 6-month anti-tuberculosis treatment in the first two quarters, 2 cases (14.3%) and 14 cases (29.8%) did not experience therapeutic success (p <0.05). Moreover, with 85.20% of new cases in Bertoua prison compared to 64.5% in Douala prison in 2018 (p <0.1), there are more unhealed patients after treatment than in Bertoua in 2018. In 2016 and 2017, we cannot conclude. From the above, this program must be generalized. It is also necessary to develop and use new, more practical diagnostic methods, to systematize the screening of prisoners in general and at risk, to perform treatment more quickly after screening, to improve the supervision of cases under treatment, to create conditions conducive to care in prison and at the exit.

Effects of Medical and Nutritional Program on Pulmonary Tuberculosis Treatment Outcome Among Detainees in the Prison of Bertoua, Cameroon (2016-2018)