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Magnolia sect. Rytidospermum Spach is an important taxon and has an important position in the evolutionary and taxonomic system of Magnoliaceae. A new species of the section was discovered in the investigation of the plant resources in China, named Magnolia accisa D. L. Fu, H. Fu et R. M. Duan, sp. nov. for its leaves with accisus apices and viridescent lower surfaces, which had been confused with M. officinalis var. biloba Rehd. & Wils. for many years. In order to determine its evolutionary taxonomic status, two similar species, M. officinalis Rehd. & Wils. with the variety M. officinalis var. biloba Rehd. & Wils, and M. rostrata W. W. Smith also collected, and two partial sequences of chloroplast genome, matK and trnL-ndhJ, were amplified and sequenced respectively. The partial sequences were analyzed and compared with 39 samples of the chloroplast complete genomes of Magnoliaceae in the NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information, USA) database, and the results indicated that the new species Magnolia accisa has two PEL (particularly evolutionary loci): matK (...ACAAGGTG G GATTTCCA...) and trnL-ndhJ (...GTCTAGTCTA T AGGAGT...), for that the oppositely evolutionary loci of matK (...ACAAGGTG A GATTTCCA...) and trnL-ndhJ (...GTCTAGTCTA G AGGAGT...) are possessed by all other contrasted samples including the experimental materials and the data of NCBI of Magnoliaceae. So, the new species is described and illustrated according International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, which will speed up the investigation of plant resources of Magnoliasect. Rytidospermum Spach in China.

Two PEL of cpDNA of Magnolia Accisa, a New Species (Magnoliaceae) from China