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Along and within the imperial boundaries in North Africa Rome encountered numerous (semi-)nomadic tribes and confederations. This chapter aims to give a short overview and evaluation of the different perspectives of modern research on the relations between (semi-)nomads and sedentary communities in North Africa during the Roman period. It is argued that the rise of the symbiosis perspective has offered a valuable counterweight against the traditionalistic view of opposition and antagonism. However, scholars should be aware of the fact that the various sources point to differentiated integration trajectories, both negative and positive. More attention should be paid to the various motives of Roman and indigenous actors which moulded and shaped these integration trajectories, and to the specific contexts in which they appear. The case studies discussed in this chapter clearly show a large diversity of political, juridical, economic and cultural integration patterns. Keywords:antagonism; differentiated integration trajectories; nomadic tribes; North Africa; Roman period

Differentiated Integration Trajectories of the Nomadic Population in Roman North Africa (1st–3rd Cent. a.d.)