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This chapter explores the state's role in semi-legal migration flows through Tanjung Pinang, the capital city of the province of Kepulauan Riau (the Riau Islands) in the borderlands between Indonesia, Singapore and Malaysia. In the Riau Islands, local officials play a pivotal role in facilitating the flow of temporary labour migrants across the border. The chapter describes the 'grey' labour migration, where workers cross Indonesia's borders with real passports, and sometimes work permits, obtained with real or fake documents obtained through irregular channels at the point of origin, transit or departure as the aspal route. The chapter traces the different practices and motivations associated with the aspal route in order to shed light on the nature of state illegality in Indonesia. It discusses the aspal system in the Riau Islands, and points to the complexities surrounding attempts to theorize the form and nature of state involvement in illegal activities.Keywords: aspal system; grey labour migration; Indonesia; Riau Islands; state illegality

Travelling the aspal route: Grey labour migration through an Indonesian border town