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Ties between Curacao and Tierra Firme, most especially the area around Coro, had a much longer history, one which predated the Dutch and even the Spanish presence in the Caribbean, and which was integrally tied to the area's geography. Throughout the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, once the island and the nearby mainland became part of separate colonial spheres denizens from across the socio-economic spectrum forged their own inter-colonial networks, especially via contraband trade. By 1795 people of African descent in both areas had been part of extensive, over-lapping, inter-colonial networks for well over a hundred years. The irregular, porous, and often undefined imperial boundaries between Curacao and Tierra Firme created opportunities for people of African descent to develop extra-official intercolonial economic, political, legal, and religious networks. By participating in these networks they, in turn, shaped the contours of each developing colonial society. Keywords: African descent; Caribbean coast; contraband trade; Coro; Curacao; inter-colonial networks; Tierra Firme

Inter-Colonial Networks and Revolutionary Ferment in Eighteenth-Century Curaçao and Tierra Firme