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In this paper I take into account an image, or concept, that of ‘machine’, and more precisely one of its most problematic and controversial derivations, that of ‘man-machine’, which are at the basis of all the representations, and in particular medical representations, of the human action as a result of an ‘automatism’ as well as of man as an ‘automaton’. More in detail, I try to analyse the theoretical framework, the rhetorical structure and the medical derivation of Julien Offray de la Mettrie’s concept of the ‘man-machine’, and to cast light on a double phenomenon of semantic distortion and of individuation of new shades of meaning that the semantic field of the ‘mechanical’ underwent in La Mettrie’s thought.

La machine plus que machine ou l’automate transfiguré. L’anthropologie de Julien Offray de La Mettrie et la réinvention du mécanisme médical