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French Caribbeans in Africa addresses a topic that is sometimes mentioned but rarely analyzed in depth: interactions between the three “old” French colonies in the Caribbean—Guadeloupe, Guyane, and Martinique—and a section of the “second” colonial empire, French Africa. These interactions are explored through the circumstances that have led many French civil servants from the Caribbean to make a career in Africa. Emphasis is also on the role of these civil servants within the colonial administrative apparatus. Although the prominence of Africa in the formation of Antillean societies is well documented, less is known about the period of history treated in this book, when the colonized were themselves engaged in a colonization process through the colonial bureaucracy. The originality of the situation lies precisely in the ambiguous status of this group of civil servants, who are both “colonized” and “colonizers”—civil servants steeped in Republican values that they tend to re-interpret against the background of their own experience as citizens denied the egalitarian treatment they expect to enjoy. The book focuses on colonial administrators, the elite of the bureaucratic apparatus, who operate under the authority of the Ministry of colonies in positions reserved exclusively for French citizens, but it also considers the experience of the administrative executives who were their subordinates. Out of a list of 626 native French Caribbean colonial administrators, Véronique Hélénon has extracted the 357 who officiated in Africa between the 1880s and the 1930s. This list was prepared by cross-referencing several sources, including l’Annuaire du ministère des colonies (the Directory of the Ministry of Colonies), the directory of the alumni of the École Nationale de la France d’Outre-mer (ENFOM), personal records, and Masonic archives and interviews. The selection is further limited by criteria such as place and date of birth—for example, only administrators who had started their careers by the end of the 1930s are considered—as well as the chronological milestones of the investigation (1880s-1939). The investigation provides sociological data on colonial administrators from the French Caribbean. This more or less homogeneous group, essen-

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French Caribbeans in Africa: Diasporic Connections and Colonial Administration, 1880-1939. Véronique Hélénon. Basingstoke, U.K.: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011. ix + 203 pp. (Cloth US$ 80.00)