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Melanophryniscus sp. is an endemic toad restricted to Sierra de la Ventana,in the Argentine Pampas. Part of its reproductive habitat is crossed by apaved road. We studied the effects of the road on the mortality and mobilityof the toads. During the days following rain, we surveyed transects on bothsides of the road, capturing, photographing and immediately releasing eachtoad. Population size in the area was estimated in 1074 individuals (871 to1363, 95% CI) by means of mark-recapture analysis. We found fifteenindividuals killed by vehicles in the 2003-04 and ten in the 2004-05reproductive seasons. This mortality represents from 2.5 to 5.9% of thepopulation annually, considering that 73% of the mortality period wassampled and a detection rate of dead frogs of 40%. Other factors associatedto roadside habitat, such as rapid drying of roadside ditches, maintenancework, increased frequency of fire, pollution by gas, oil and fuel emissionsand losses from vehicles, and poaching as pets by tourists, may also reducethe survival of the toads. We recorded capture sites and calculated theaverage distance between captures as 33.04 m for males and 22.50 m forfemales. Only two of the 76 observations of recaptured toads were made onthe opposite side of the road. Roads can be considered as having asignificant impact on this species by augmenting mortality, hindering themobility of the species and increasing habitat isolation. 				

Effects of a paved road on mortality and mobility of red bellied toads (Melanophryniscus sp.) in Argentinean grasslands