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In this paper I investigate the formulaic language of fifth-century  BCE  honorific decrees and the extent to which the Athenians used specifically democratic language: were men honoured for benefiting the city or specifically the democracy? Despite the general belief that the rhetorical formula ‘being good towards the  demos ’ had a democratic meaning, consideration of all the readable fifth-century  BCE  honorific decrees demonstrates that a standard formula to indicate the addressee of the benefits did not exist; rather, it is apparent that honorific decrees enacted under the democracy used indifferently the formulae ‘being good towards the  demos ’, ‘being good towards the polis’ and ‘being good towards the Athenians’. Moreover, a final consideration of an oligarchic honorific decree will show that oligarchs were perhaps more careful with their language (avoiding ‘ demos ’ and preferring ‘ polis ’) than the democrats might have been.

Being Good Towards the People or the Democracy?