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The beginning of the study of the cerebral organization of the mental functions of left-handed people dates back to the mid-19th century, when Paul Broca formulated the rule that the hemisphere that controls speech is at the opposite side of a leading hand. In 1899 Bramwell described aphasia as a "cross" in a 36-year-old left-handed person with right-sided hemiparesis (Bramwell, 1899). Later on, it was discovered that there is no direct connection between handedness and hemispheric dominance in speech.The Wada test and dichotic listening are considered to be the two main methods for differentiation of a dominant-in-speech hemisphere. Wexler and Halwes (1983) proved the high test-retest reliability of the dichotic listening method. Zatorre (1989) carried out dichotic listening on a sample of right- and left-handed patients who also took the Wada test. The finding about speech laterality according to the results of dichotic listening coincided with Wada test values in 36 of the 38 individuals (95%). These empirical data give grounds for judging the dichotic listening test to be highly accurate as an instrument for differentiating a dominantin-speech hemisphere.Until now, many contradictory facts have been gathered from the results of dichotic listening with left-handers. For instance, according to the findings of Kimura (1983) 50 percent of left-handers have left-hemispheric dominance in speech, and the remaining 50 percent have right-hemispheric dominance. According to the findings of Warrington and Pratt (1973) this proportion is 75% and 25%, correspondingly. On analyzing the findings of Hecaen and Sauguet (1971), Kinsbourne (1988) reported that 70 percent of left-handers have bilateral representation of speech, and most of the remaining 30 percent have left-hemispheric dominance. Moffat, Hampson, and Lee (1998) reported that, according to their research, 54 percent of left-handers have left-hemispheric dominance in speech, and 46 percent have right-hemispheric dominance. Dos Santos Sequeira and colleagues (2006) showed exactly opposite results (left-hemispheric dominance in speech in 46.4% of left-handers, and right-hemispheric dominance in the remaining 53.6%of left-handers). For their part, 64% of right-handers have left-sided speech control, and 36% have right-sided speech control according to this research.Kimura explains her findings in the following way. When two diverse stimuli are introduced in different auditory canals, the difference in the capacity of the ducts increases so much that transmission in the ipsilateral canal is suppressed (Kimura, 1961). This supposition explains the right ear's advantage. In his study Kotik (1975) comes to the following conclusion: both the left and the right hemispheres of the brain take part in audioverbal processes, particularly in the process of perception and reproduction of dichotic verbal stimuli. Thus, both the hemispheres are capable of coding audioverbal information. However, tracking in a subdominant hemisphere has its own particular features; in the case of dichotic perception, verbal stimuli form "the track"--that is, the "acoustic iconic figure" in the right hemisphere. When transmitting to the left hemisphere this track is subject to linguistic encoding, and it can be reproduced. At the same time, stimuli coming into the right ear and transmitted immediately to the left hemisphere have a shorter transmission path and, probably, this path is shorter on one link of encoding. Thus, one can suppose that stimuli perception is equally efficient in both auditory canals, but the hemispheres are not equal in the process of reproduction. This phenomenon creates an advantage for the right ear (Kotik, 1974).When the results of dichotic listening in left-handers who do not have any left-handedness in their family were analyzed, the advantage of the right ear appeared, but there was no distinction in stimuli perception by the right and left ears within hereditary left-handers. …

The connection of hemispheric activity in the field of audioverbal perception and the progressive lateralization of speech and motor processes