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CRISPR/Cas has the potential to revolutionize medicine, agriculture, andbiology. Understanding the trajectory of CRISPR research, how it is influencedand who pays for it, is an essential research policy question. We use acombination of methods to map, via quantitative content analysis of CRISPRpapers, the research funding profile of major government agencies andorganizations philanthropic, and the networks involved in supporting key stagesof high-influence research, namely basic biological research and technologicaldevelopment. The results of the content analysis show how the researchsupported by the main US government agencies focus both on the study of CRISPRas a biological phenomenon and on its technological development and use as abiomedical research tool. US philanthropic organizations with the exception ofHHMI, tend, by contrast, to specialize in funding CRISPR as a genome editingtechnology. We present a model of co-funding networks at the two most prominentinstitutions for CRISPR/Cas research, the University of California and theHarvard/MIT/Broad Institute, to illuminate how philanthropic organizations havearticulated with government agencies to co-finance the discovery anddevelopment of CRISPR/Cas. Our results raise fundamental questions about therole of the state and the influence of philanthropy over the trajectory oftransformative technologies.

quantitative science studies

Funding CRISPR: Understanding the role of government and philanthropic  institutions in supporting academic research within the CRISPR innovation  system