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This article is focused on analyzing the process of defense reform in Bulgaria over the last twenty years as a process of change management in a highly dynamic security and development environment, both internally and externally. The goal is to draft lessons from this experience for the development of the Strategic Map and Balanced Score Cards for the integrated security sector as a strategy-focused organization. Integrity building in the defense and security sector is considered to be one of the key initiatives for success. The special role that can be played by Operational Analysis (OA) and Computer Assisted Exercises (CAX) will be emphasized in this essay as providing strong analytical support for the transparency, traceability, and accountability of decision making. Leadership and political will for good governance are also recognized as other key requirements for effective change management within the security sector. In order to develop and implement a vision of change, it is sometimes important to select the keywords to be used. These keywords are essential for building and presenting a new security concept. In this context, the experience in Bulgaria could be considered as having evolved around the following key concepts: • Adaptation to new realities: in the transition as it was experienced in Bulgaria, the processes of adaptation were unable to address fundamental changes in the environment • Reform considered as a one-step change, primarily in the strength and structure of the armed forces, is not sufficient to effect the transformation of Eastern-model forces to forces that are able to participate in the global defense organizations of the West • Transformation along anything approaching the lines of the U.S. model is an inadequate goal for implementation in Bulgaria for many reasons, not least because of the gaps in technology and organizational capacity

Bulgarian Defense Reform from 1990–2008 as a Change Management Process and the Role of Integrity Building