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The deployment of the European Union Police Mission (EUPM) to take over for the United Nations-led International Police Task Force in Bosnia-Herzegovina as of 1 January 2003 is bringing EU police participation in peace operations into the limelight. As the first field deployment ordered under the new European Security and Defense Policy (ESDP), which was declared operational only a year ago at the Laeken European Council, it indeed attracts much attention. International policing has in fact been extensively studied during the past decade as it has gained importance as a component of multinational operations. One of the approaches in those analyses addressed the question from the recipient’s point of view, and analyzed its objectives and implications in terms of participation in state and institution building. On the other hand, the donors’ motivations and the role of institutions were also central, as was a more operational approach evaluating the factors contributing to success or failure of such operations, thus focusing on the kind of mandate, doctrine, and policies adopted. In this respect, the real originality of the involvement of the European Union is that it is the first time an international organization with a treaty-stated perception of its own security has committed itself to international policing operations in the name of its own security interests. Therefore, one sees here a new type of action that is more than a multinational operation, as it takes place in the much wider political framework of the Union. But if the EU is more than an intergovernmental body, considering it simply as a state-like homogeneous political entity with clear goals and interests would be too superficial. The aim of this paper is therefore to look at this issue from inside, analyzing both the reasons for the EU’s commitment as well as its political and institutional implications. From a more general point of view, this approach can shed some light on the emergence of a common vision of security among the different actors in the Union. Indeed, the European formal treaty structure currently sharply differentiates between internal and external security, defining different means, ends, and decision-making mechanisms for actions in those two fields. But international policing operations lie at the crossroads of those two different, if not opposite, areas. They are clearly foreign policy-oriented actions, mainly developed under the

Defense Academy Excellence European Union Civilian Policing: Foreign Policy Action or Internal Security Tool