English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

105 Flow models suggest that plaque formation partly depends on  vessel anatomy. The carotid bifurcation is a common site for atheroma,  but there are few data on variability in bifurcation anatomy, in  particular the possibility that anatomy might be related to gender.  Carotid plaque is more common in men and asymptomatic carotid bruits  are more frequent in women. This may be due to sex differences in  absolute vessel size, but may also indicate other anatomical  differences. We studied 5395 bifurcation angiograms from 3007 patients  in the European Carotid Surgery Trial. To minimise changes in vessel  anatomy secondary to atherosclerosis we excluded angiograms of vessels  with ≥ 30% stenosis (NASCET method). We measured arterial  diameters at disease free points and calculated the following ratios:  internal to common (ICA/CCA), external to common (ECA/CCA) and external  to internal (ECA/ICA) carotid arteries. We related these to sex and  other baseline characteristics. We then compared the distribution of  plaque in men versus women in the whole trial population. There were  2971 angiograms with &lt;30% stenosis. The mean ICA/CCA ratio was larger  (p&lt;0.0001) in women (0.67, 95% CI 0.66–0.68) than men (0.62,  0.61–0.63), whereas the mean ECA/ICA ratio was larger (p&lt;0.0001) in  men (0.91, 0.90–0.92) than in women (0.84, 0.82–0.85). These  differences were independent of other baseline variables. There were  also sex differences in the distribution of plaque. Men were more  likely to have the point of maximum stenosis distal to the bulb of the  ICA (OR 2.29, 95%CI 1.33–4.01, p=0.001), whereas women were more  likely than men to have plaque in the ECA (OR 1.54, 95%CI 1.30–1.85,  p&lt;0.0001), particularly stenosis ≥50% (OR 2.0, 95%CI 1.56–2.57,  p&lt;0.0001). Gender differences in carotid bifurcation anatomy are not  limited to absolute vessel size. In addition, women have  proportionately larger ICAs and men have proportionately larger ECAs.  These findings may partly explain the sex differences in the  distribution of plaque in the carotid bifurcation, sex differences in  the prevalence of asymptomatic carotid bruits, and they also have  implications for the measurement of carotid stenosis.

Gender differences in carotid bifurcation anatomy and the distribution of atherosclerotic plaque