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More infants born extremely preterm ( 2499 g) controls born in the early 1990s, when survival rates began to rise. Participants were derived from 297 consecutive survivors born &lt;28 weeks/&lt;1000 g in 1991 to 1992 in Victoria, Australia, and 260 contemporaneous controls. At age 25 years, ambulatory BP was measured in 151 and 119 participants, respectively. Participants born &lt;28 weeks/&lt;1000 g had higher 24-hour systolic (mean difference 4.5 [95% CI, 1.2–7.7 mm Hg]), diastolic (3.4 [1.5–5.2 mm Hg]), and mean BPs (3.6 [1.4–5.8 mm Hg]) compared with the controls. Similar patterns were observed for both awake and asleep periods. Asleep ambulatory BP between 18 and 25 years increased more in participants born &lt;28 weeks/&lt;1000 g than in controls (systolic 0.56, diastolic 0.41, and mean 0.41 mm Hg increase per year; allP &lt;0.05). Young adults born &lt;28 weeks/&lt;1000 g in the post surfactant era have higher BP and an increased trajectory of ambulatory BP compared with controls. With more survivors born &lt;28 weeks/&lt;1000 g now reaching adulthood, these findings are important for early detection and timely management of hypertension in this high-risk population.

High Blood Pressure in Young Adult Survivors Born Extremely Preterm or Extremely Low Birthweight in the Post Surfactant Era