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Transgenic mice overexpressing Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (hSod1Tg(+/0)) or catalase (hCatTg(+/0)) and knockout mice underexpressing manganese superoxide dismutase (Sod2(+/)(-)) or glutathione peroxidase-1 (Gpx1(-/-)) were used to study the effect of antioxidant enzymes on cell-mediated low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and oxidized LDL (oxLDL)-induced apoptosis. Incubation of LDL with mouse aortic segments or smooth muscle cells (SMCs) resulted in a significant increase in LDL oxidation. However, LDL oxidation was significantly reduced when LDL was incubated with aortic segments and SMCs obtained from hSod1Tg(+/0) and hCatTg(+/0) mice compared with those obtained from wild-type mice. In contrast, LDL oxidation was significantly increased when LDL was incubated with aortic segments and SMCs obtained from Sod2(+/)(-) and Gpx1(-/-) mice. CuSO(4)-oxidized LDL increased DNA fragmentation and caspase activities in the primary cultures of mouse aortic SMCs. However, oxLDL-induced DNA fragmentation and caspase activities were reduced 50% in SMCs obtained from hSod1Tg(+/0) and hCatTg(+/0) mice compared with wild-type control mice. In contrast, oxLDL-induced DNA fragmentation and caspase activities were significantly increased in SMCs obtained from Sod2(+/)(-) and Gpx1(-/-) mice. These findings suggest that overexpression of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase or catalase reduces cell-mediated LDL oxidation and oxLDL-induced apoptosis, whereas underexpression of manganese superoxide dismutase or glutathione peroxidase-1 increases cell-mediated LDL oxidation and oxLDL-induced apoptosis.

Changes in Expression of Antioxidant Enzymes Affect Cell-Mediated LDL Oxidation and Oxidized LDL–Induced Apoptosis in Mouse Aortic Cells