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At the beginning of the 20th century, cardiovascular disease (CVD) was responsible for ≈10% of all deaths worldwide; today, that figure has risen to ≈30%, with 80% occurring in developing countries. Current efforts toward CVD control are insufficient, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.1 In 2001, CVD was already the No. 1 cause of death worldwide,2 yet little global attention has been paid to the challenge of reducing this burden in developing countries, where it is on the rise. In addition to CVD, other chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, chronic respiratory disease, and cancer are being ignored by policy makers, development aid agencies, and leading foundations.3One reason that CVD and other chronic diseases remain underrecognized and underfunded is the United Nation’s Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) process. Representatives of the chronic disease specialties were not appreciably involved.4 The United Nation’s MDGs are designed to reduce poverty in developing countries by the year 2015. Of the 8 goals (Table 1), 3 are specifically targeted at health issues: to reduce child mortality, to reduce maternal mortality, and to prevent the spread of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), malaria, and other diseases.5 Whereas the linkage between health and economic development is clearly established, the health goals are too narrowly defined and do not include the diseases affecting the majority of the world’s population. We believe that to truly begin to reduce poverty, both infectious and chronic diseases must be addressed. The correct approach is “and,” not “or.” View this table:Table 1. The United Nation’s MDGs Four compelling arguments can be made for including CVD in the MDG process and as such on the Global Health Agenda (Table 2). First, the most recent data on global burden of disease clearly reveal the predominance of CVD and other chronic diseases. …

Low Priority of Cardiovascular and Chronic Diseases on the Global Health Agenda