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The effect of stimulation of the nerves to the intestine on intestinal oxygen uptake and hemodynamics was examined in anesthetized cats. In the normally perfused gut, nerve stimulation results in a reduced vascular conductance followed by a partial escape from neurogenic vasoconstriction. The oxygen extraction ratio increases to an appropriate extent to maintain oxygen uptake at prestimulation levels during the escape plateau. In a gut perfused via a pump, a similar response was seen when pressure was held constant; however, when blood flow was held constant a constriction of precapillary sphincters was unmasked and there was a prolonged decrease in oxygen extraction ratios. The data are compatible with the hypothesis that nerve stimulation results in vasoconstriction of precapillary resistance vessels and precapillary sphincters in the gut. Oxygen consumption of the tissue declines dramatically but because of the reduced blood flow at the site of the sphincters there is a secondary dilation and an increased oxygen extraction as more capillaries are opened at any given time. The resistance vessels show escape during nerve stimulation in situations of constant pressure or flow, and the escape of blood flow due to escape of the resistance vessels is a separate phenomenon unrelated to the escape of the sphincters. The return of oxygen uptake to normal during the escape phase suggests that redistribution of intestinal flow does not occur during vascular escape from neurogenic vasoconstriction. An equation for quantification of the extent of vascular escape is presented.

Effect of nerve stimulation on percapillary sphincters, oxygen extraction, and hemodynamics in the intestines of cats.