English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Several factors promote the potential use of B-mode imaging in clinical trials that explore the association of risk factor reduction to atherosclerosis change. First, the method images the artery wall rather than its lumen. Because atherosclerosis affects arterial walls and because the association of wall and lumen is complex, methods that image the wall are preferable to those that image the lumen for relating risk factors or interventions on risk factors to atherosclerosis or change in atherosclerosis. Conversely, clinical events are related predominantly to compromise of the lumen, and research that seeks to relate arterial disease to symptom status or development of symptoms may focus profitably on lumen stenosis. The noninvasive nature of the B-mode examination is a further impetus for its use in clinical trials. Quantification of disease on a yearly or half-yearly basis and performance of duplicate scans increase reliability and provide new opportunities for outcome analysis that take advantage of the pattern of disease change. The noninvasive nature of the method makes it suitable for studies in large numbers of asymptomatic individuals as well. Finally, the B-mode investigation can be accomplished at relatively low cost in a research setting ($150.00 to $250.00 per patient per examination). On the other hand, some of the features that contribute to the strength of the B-mode method pose new questions related to the definition of atherosclerosis, the quantification of the outcome variable, the differences in associations based on various levels of the artery, the potential for differences in various clinical samples, the precise relation between wall thickness and lumen diameter, and the use of the carotid artery wall as a "surrogate" for coronary disease.

B-mode ultrasound in clinical trials. Answers and questions.