English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Background —Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1 ) contributes to arterial remodeling by stimulating vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) growth and collagen synthesis at sites of vascular injury. Becausel -arginine is metabolized to growth-stimulatory polyamines and to the essential collagen precursorl -proline, we examined whether TGF-β1 regulates the transcellular transport and metabolism ofl -arginine by VSMCs.Methods and Results —TGF-β1 increasedl -arginine uptake, and this was associated with a selective increase in cationic amino acid transporter-1 (CAT-1) mRNA. In addition, TGF-β1 stimulatedl -arginine metabolism by inducing arginase I mRNA and arginase activity. TGF-β1 also stimulatedl -ornithine catabolism by elevating ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and ornithine aminotransferase (OAT) activity. TGF-β1 markedly increased the capacity of VSMCs to generate the polyamine putrescine andl -proline from extracellularl -arginine. The TGF-β1 –mediated increase in putrescine andl -proline production was reversed by methyl-l -arginine, a competitive inhibitor of cationic amino acid transport, or by hydroxy-l -arginine, an arginase inhibitor. Furthermore, the formation of putrescine was inhibited by the ODC inhibitor α-difluoromethylornithine, andl -proline generation was blocked by the OAT inhibitorl -canaline.l -Canaline also inhibited TGF-β1 –stimulated type I collagen synthesis.Conclusions —These results demonstrate that TGF-β1 stimulates polyamine andl -proline synthesis by inducing the genes that regulate the transport and metabolism ofl -arginine. In addition, they show that TGF-β1 –stimulated collagen production is dependent onl -proline formation. The ability of TGF-β1 to upregulatel -arginine transport and direct its metabolism to polyamines andl -proline may contribute to arterial remodeling at sites of vascular damage.

Transforming Growth Factor-β1Stimulatesl-Arginine Transport and Metabolism in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

Transforming Growth Factor-β₁Stimulatesl-Arginine Transport and Metabolism in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells