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Xylanases from Penicillium chrysogenum: production, purification, characterization, and their application to pre-bleaching cellulosic pulp of banana tree The aim of this work was to study the potential of xylanases present in culture filtrate of Penicillium chrysogenum and of this xylanases purified in favor of the pre-bleaching of pseudostem cellulosic pulp of banana trees. Early, it was established the optimal media and time of culture to production of xylanases by IFO-4626 and M-85 Penicillium chrysogenum strains. Both strains have presented such characteristics as to contribute to their use in pulp and/or cellulosic fibers industrial process, besides the high activity of pectinases and the low activity of cellulases. To the IFO-4626 strain, the best production of xylanases using as inductor oat spelt xylan was obtained in the Ferreira medium, after 60h of culture. The performance of M-85 strain only was equal to that at the 72 hours in the Haas medium. As carbon sources, both sugar-cane straw and coconut fiber can substitute the oat spelt xylan in the production of xylanase by IFO-4626 strain. Xylose can induce the synthesis of xylanase when no xylan source was added to the culture medium. The inhibition of activity of xilanase was observed in medium with xylan plus glycose (1%) or galactose (1%). In the essays about xylanase purification, it was used the culture filtrate of IFO-4626 strain, obtained after 72 hours of culture in Ferreira medium. Two peaks with xylanase activity were obtained after the elution in an anionic-exchange column DEAE-Sephacel. The xylanase I, showed molecular mass of 12.6 kDa, Km = 12.14mg/mL and Vmax = 7.75 U/μg of protein, and it was not bind to the resin, and the xylanase II, with molecular mass of 20 kDa, Km = 39.32 mg/mL and Vmáx = 1579.62 mg/mL, was eluted with NaCl 100 mM. The xylanases in the culture filtrate, and the xylanases I and II, have presented good stability at 40°C and 50°C, and in pH values 3.5 to 9.0, despite of having no good stability at 60°C, their optimal temperatures and pH of reaction are low. The xylanases present in culture filtrate were activated by the presence of Fe, Mn, Ca and dithiothreitol (DTT) and inhibited by the presence of Zn, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), Pb and Hg. The xylanase I activity was stimulated by DTT, Ca, and Mn, and inhibited by Cu, Zn, SDS, and Hg. On the other hand, the xylanase II was inibited by Hg, and it was activated by several ions, like as: Mn, Co, Fe, Ba, Ca, Cu, Mg, and by NH4 and DTT. The xylanases from IFO-4626 strain, present in

Xilanases de Penicillium chrysogenum: produção, purificação, caracterização e aplicação no pré-branqueamento de polpa celulósica de pseudocaule de bananeira frutífera