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Biogeodynamic of herbicides used in sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) at Corumbataí river watershed The Corumbataí river watershed is of great socioeconomic importance in the state of São Paulo, which river, of the same name, became target of higher concern in the last years, when it started to assist 100% the provisioning of the municipal district of Piracicaba. Being explored mainly by the culture of sugarcane and composed of soils with different physicochemical characteristics and relief varying from plan to mountainous, great concern appears around the environmental behavior of pesticides employed in this basin, whose dynamics is ignored until then. The present study had for objective to evaluate the biogeodynamic of pesticides employed in sugarcane in this watershed, coming to serve from subsidy to the water quality evaluation processes of this basin and definition of goals for the Plan of Basins elaborated by the Watersheds Committee of Piracicaba, Capivari, and Jundiaí Rivers. This work consisted of temporal characterization of the use of pesticides on sugarcane, which served as support in the definition of molecules and sampling periods for the residue monitoring in water and sediment in the main channel of the Corumbataí river and main affluents. The identification of critical areas in the sub-basin for the contribution of pesticides was accomplished through the mathematical model SWAT. The study pointed the use mainly of herbicides, being the only one, whose use was declared in the evaluation period, with seasonal consumption of some molecules and use of others along the whole year, what allowed a residue monitoring strategic planning. The herbicides glyphosate, atrazine, ametryne, 2,4-D, metribuzin, diuron and acetochlor represented around 85% of the total volume of products consumed between 2000 and 2003. Imazapyr was identified as the herbicide of larger use frequency, being also observed the use of high toxicity and mobility molecules, as sulfentrazone, trifloxysulfuron-sodium, paraquat, tebuthiuron and imazapic. In the residue monitoring, quantifiable levels of ametryne, atrazine, simazine, hexazinone, glyphosate and clomazone were detected in water samples, with negligible levels of ametryne and glyphosate in sediment. The recharge area of the Guarani aquifer, in the north of the basin, presented the highest levels of triazines and clomazone. The triazines represent the group of molecules detected in higher levels, with the atrazine overcoming the water potability and quality standards for the aquatic life in some points. These molecules were pointed also for the simulation, as the one of larger tendency of happening in the surface waters and groundwaters, when applied in raining periods, being overcome by glyphosate in surface water bodies, when the application happened in dry period. The simulation of a sugarcane culture expansion scenery resulted in increase of the participation of the areas with Typic Quartzipsamment (Areia Quartzosa) for the herbicides contribution to the water bodies, which added with Typic Hapludult (Podzólico Vermelho-Amarelo), Rhodic Kandiudox (Podzólico Vermelho-Escuro) and Typic Udorthent (Litólico) soils, presented larger vulnerability in the basin. The north region of the Corumbataí river watershed and the sub-basins of Ribeirão Claro and Passa Cinco river showed the largest herbicide loadings to water bodies and levels of residues in river segments after the period of intense rain.

Biogeodinâmica de herbicidas utilizados em cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp.) na sub-bacia do rio Corumbataí