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Os barbituricos sao farmacos com atividade depressora do sistema nervoso central e estao relacionados com elevados numeros de casos de intoxicacoes e uso nao-medico em varios paises. No Brasil, a droga antiepileptica mais encontrada em casos de intoxicacao e o fenobarbital, pois os pacientes relatam que "essa e uma substância com acao forte no cerebro". De fato, os barbituricos estao altamente relacionados com tentativa de suicidio e homicidio. Nesses casos existe a necessidade da quantificacao dessas substâncias para correlacionar com a causa mortis. No entanto, as analises toxicologicas postmortem sao de dificil execucao e interpretacao, pois a concentracao de agentes toxicos encontrados e bastante complexa e afetada nao so pela condicao de deterioracao do corpo, mas tambem por um processo conhecido como redistribuicao postmortem. Em geral, concentracoes mais elevadas sao encontradas no sangue situado nos sitios centrais (como o sangue coletado da cavidade cardiaca) em comparacao aos niveis verificados nos vasos perifericos (como a veia femoral). Em outros casos, o tempo entre a morte e o exame postmortem e suficiente para que algumas substâncias que normalmente estariam presentes no sangue nao estejam mais disponiveis neste fluido biologico. Ha ainda um agravante, pois nao existem valores de referencias para a maioria das amostras biologicas nao-convencionais, dificultando assim a interpretacao dos resultados. Os exames toxicologicos devem ser realizados em amostras biologicas e tem como objetivo a avaliacao da intoxicacao como circunstância qualificadora do delito, como causa de periculosidade ou imputabilidade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi o desenvolvimento e aplicacao de metodos de identificacao de barbituricos (butalbital, secobarbital, pentobarbital e fenobarbital) em amostras postmortem (sangue cardiaco, sangue femoral e figado). Os analitos foram extraidos das amostras utilizando a micro extracao em fase liquida (LPME), identificados... Barbiturates are a class of drugs that act as central nervous system depressant and are associated with high numbers of poisoning cases and non-medical use in several countries. In Brazil, phenobarbital is the most related antiepileptic drug involved in intoxication cases. Patients report that "this drug is a substance with strong action in the brain." In fact, barbiturates are highly related to attempted suicide and homicide cases, in which quantification of these substances to correlate with the possible cause of death is necessary. However, postmortem toxicological analyses are difficult to perform and interpret, because the concentration of toxic agents found is quite complex and affected not only by deterioration condition of the body but also by a process known as postmortem redistribution. In general, higher concentrations are found in the blood located in central sites (e.g. heart cavity) compared with the levels found in peripheral vessels (such as the femoral vein). In other cases, the time between death and postmortem examination is enough for some substances that would normally be present in the blood are no longer available in this biological fluid. Besides, there are few reference values for most non-conventional biological samples, making it difficult to interpret the results. The objective of this work was the development and application of methods for identification of barbiturates (butalbital, secobarbital, pentobarbital and phenobarbital) in postmortem samples (heart blood, femoral blood and liver). The analytes were extracted by using liquid-phase micro extraction (LPME) and quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). After the development and validation, analytical methods were applied in real cases of eleven corpses autopsied by Death Verification Service of Sao Paulo City (USP-SVO), with suspected of barbiturates involvement. Nine cases were positive for phenobarbital. The mean ratio of blood femoral / cardiac blood was...

Redistribuição postmortem de barbitúricos em tecidos biológicos humanos