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Grosche, Lucas C. Synthesis of value-added material from coal combustion co-product: characterization and application in aqueous effluent remediation. 2019. 95p. Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia Nuclear) – Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares – IPEN-CNEN/SP, São Paulo. The present work is part of the suggestion found in the “Technology Roadmap for the Clean Production and Use of National Coal: 2012 to 2035” regarding the actions required to establish a favourable environment for the greater use of coal in Brazil. This concerns the development of technology considered a priority for the thermoelectric generation sector, namely: Use of Coal Combustion Co-products (CCP). In this context, the project involved the development of processes capable of synthesising value-added material from CCP as an alternative source of silicon and aluminium. The material chosen from the burning of coal was the waste gas desulphurization residue, and the synthesised nanomaterials are considered high value-added products because they allow numerous applications. The present work was divided into two stages; The first stage dealt with the synthesis and characterisation of nanomaterials obtained from different conditions of the alkaline activation reaction aiming to improve the synthesis process. Desulphurization residues were collected from three different locations, which at the beginning of the project represented all locations where desulphurization technology was already being applied to coal-fired power generation. Regarding the characterisation of the residues, although there are differences involved in the processes that originate the samples, often generating materials with different crystalline forms, the elements calcium, aluminium and silicon were found in all samples. Samples from the three sampling sites were subjected to the alkaline hydrothermal activation process forming mainly zeolite (Sodalite), tobermorite and other hydrotalcite type materials. The second stage of the work was directed to the use of materials in the treatment of cesium-contaminated water. For this purpose, the desulphurization residue that indicated a higher presence of tobermorites and hydrotalcites was selected for the optimisation of the hydrothermal synthesis process by two steps including previous fusion of the product residue. And the material with the best results according to the crystalline materials obtained was tested for its ability to remove cesium ions in solution, as well as its selectivity to sodium present in certain media, such as seawater, in synthetic saline solutions and also in a sample of marine water. The adsorption capacity of Cs+ on the adsorbent material was 1949 μmol g-1, indicating that the synthesised adsorbent belongs to the group of materials with high cesium adsorption capacity when compared to other materials studied in the literature, besides presenting cesium ion selectivity in relation to seawater and presented selectivity for the Cs ion over seawater. In conclusion, we understand that the material has an interesting potential for accident remediation applications such as Fukushima, where radioactive cesium was released into seawater mainly as the material such as desulphurization residue is produced on a large scale and has no industrial application without landfill where an environmental liability can be traced.

Síntese de material de valor agregado a partir de coproduto da combustão de carvão: caracterização e aplicação na remediação de efluente aquoso