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The photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment modality used to cause cell death based on the substances with photosensitizing properties and application of a light with suitable wavelength. In the photodynamic process, photosensitizer (PS) molecule is excited to its singlet state as a result of light absorption generating oxidative stress on many cellular structures, among them the mitochondria. The oxidative stress may induce cell death by apoptosis. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the type of cell death in promastigotes forms of Leishmania amazonensis following PDT using the methylene blue as PS. For that certain conditions as PS uptake, power irradiation, PS concentration and irradiation time were tested to investigate the response of the parasite to this leishmanicidal challenge. After these steps, it has been investigated the viability of the promastigotes, the cell death response pathway caused by photodynamic challenge and the possible morphological and ultrastructural changes that this parasite could present. The results obtained by the in vitro cell viability tests (MTT) of promastigotes indicate that the therapy can reduce metabolic activity by up to 80%, in the condition of 50 μM 100 mW / 300s. It was concluded that L. amazonensis suffers cell damage caused by oxidative stress. The analysis by transmission electron microscopy indicated cell damage and cell shrinkage, rounding, vacuolization of the intracellular environment, scourge of integrity loss and migration of nuclear chromatin to the periphery of the membrane of the nucleus of the parasite.

Efeito fotodinâmico mediado por azul de metileno na inativação de <i>Leishmania (L.) amazonensis</i>: estudo <i>in vitro</i>