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In this work, absorbed dose to water produced by the radiation beam of a clinical linear accelerator CLINAC 600C TM (Varian), with a photon beam of 6 MV, were evaluated both theoretically and experimentally. This determination includes square and circular field configurations, the last one obtained with a micro multileaf collimator mMLC m3 (BrainLab). Theoretical evaluation was performed throughout Monte Carlo method. Experimental measurements of Percentage Depht Dose PDD and derived Tissue Maximum Ratio TMR curves from CLINAC 600C were validated by comparison with reference values as well as with measurements using different detectors. The results indicate local differences smaller than 5% and average differences smaller than 1,5% for each evaluated field, if they are compared to the previous commissioning values (made in 1999) and to the values of literature. Comparisons of ionization chamber and diode result in an average local difference of -0,6% for PDD measurements, and within 1% for lateral dose profiles, at depth, in the flat region. Diode provides measurements with better spatial resolution. Current output factors of open fields agree with reference values within 1,03% of discrepancy level. Current absorbed dose distributions in water are, now, considered reference values and allow characterization of this CLINAC for patient dose calculation. The photon spectra resulting from simulations with PENELOPE and MCNP codes agree approximately in 80% of the sampled points, in what average energies of (1,6 ± 0,3)MeV, with MCNP, and of (1,72 ± 0,08)MeV, with PENELOPE, are coincident. The created simple source model of the CLINAC 600C, using the PENELOPE code, allows one to calculate dose distributions in water, for open fields, with discrepancies of the order of ±1,0% in dose and of ±0,1cm in position, if they are compared to experimental measurements. These values met the initial proposed criteria to validate the simulation model and guarantee its applicability in dosimetric evaluations of radiotherapy with this CLINAC. The geometrical description of the mMLC m3 for Monte Carlo purposes, using the PENELOPE code, was considered satisfactory, providing the characterization of relevant physical parameters such as the transmission of the mMLC, within an estimated uncertainty of ±0,2%, and the average underdose of (11,4±2,0)%, due the tongue and groove effect, which is coincident with the experimental value of (12,5±2,7)%, for this particular collimator design. The Monte Carlo simulation codes which combine a single source model of the CLINAC 600C with the full m3 model, allows to calculate dose distributions in water for conformal beams within the discrepancy level of ±1%. However, output factors of conformal beams with the mMLC can be calculated with uncertainties varying from 1 to 3%, when they are compared to experimental results. These evaluated fields represent, and come close to treatment fields. The results of this work guarantee a better dosimetric knowledge of the micro multileaf collimator m3, which is used in three-dimensional stereotactic radiotherapy and radiosurgery techniques. This provides a useful tool in the evaluation of the mMLC as well as the absorbed doses produced in complex field configurations.

Dosimetria dos sistemas de radiocirurgia estereotáxica com aceleradores lineares equipados com colimadores micro multi-lâminas