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RIBEIRO, Nubia Braga. Indian Peoples And The "Sertoes" of The Gold Mines In The 18th Century. 2008. 405 p. Tese (Doutorado) – Departamento de Historia. Faculdade de Filosofia Letras e Ciencias Humanas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 2008. This study focuses in the politics of settlement and exploitation of the mines of the hinterlands (“sertoes”) and the Indians reactions in the 17 Century Brazil, mostly in the 1730 s. In analyzing the sources – the correspondence between authorities, instructions, catechism plans, we were able to verify that the violence, as a result of the consuetudinary practice, prevailed over the social integration laws of the gentiles. We evaluated that the Indians attacks that were successful in stopping the Ancient Colonial System purposes were subject to State policy, including the fate of these peoples in the State agenda, generating the catechism plans. However, these were dissimulated alternatives of cooptation, articulated in a strategic sequence of annulment of the Indian resistance, such as the creation of the settlements (“aldeamentos”), that was a means to confine them in planned locals that were able to cause the habits of a sedentary life and the end of the nomad life. The purpose was to adapt the Indians to the European civilization model, to promote the familiarity with others and to enable the access to the mines. In this perspective, the colonization was associated to the appropriation of the riches, that was an important condition to give sense to the conquest and justify the catechism. On the other hand, it originated a scenery with permanent tensions, directly linked to the expropriation of the Indian land, that appeared in the greater incidence of the dispute in the areas where the major Indian struggles developed, that were the same areas where were concentrated the policies regarding the Indians. Although apparently these strategies showed the intention of pacifying the Indians, by subjugation, tutorship and confinement, the war was a resource that was subject to the intensification of the Indians reactions. But the war, a historical and cultural phenomena both Indian and European, was accomplished in the battles. Thus the Christian duty of bringing the “salvage barbarian” to salvation was implanted under the artifice of faith and civilization. Nevertheless, the fulfillment of duty was connected to the rewards of governing the Indians, and of governing the riches of the estate that was located in the “sesmarias” and mines of the hinterland. Thus, it was important to the research the understanding of the concept of “sertao”, and to recognize the significance of nomadism, that supplied the image of spaces in movement, with imprecise borders that interacted in the ethnic, social and economic levels. The Indians dislocations gave identity features to the natural environment, and demanded the research to apprehend these dimensions. To be able to dominate them it was necessary to settle them in determined limits. The correlation between the mobility of the “sertoes” and the inconstancy of the gentiles, shaped a specific geopolitics in the Portuguese America hinterland, connected by the paths of the gold mines (MinasGoiases – Cuiaba, Minas and Espirito Santo, Minas-Bahia and so forth). The Minas Gerais of the 18 Century, respected the peculiarities of the context and the various ethnics of the Indians peoples, kept the precious metals and from there they went to other mines. The Indians “sertoes” were the “sertoes” of the gold mines, scattered by the rivers, faraway from the coast, and they presented themselves in the reactions of the Indians that were an obstacle to attain it.

Os povos indígenas e os sertões das minas do ouro no século XVIII