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EVANGELISTA, D. E. Functional and structural studies of pectinases and xylanases with potential for biotechnological applications. 2017. 155p. Tese (Doutorado em Ciências) Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, 2017. Decades of unbridled use of natural resources have drastically affected the global environment, driving humanity to invest in the development of novel technologies for production of sustainable and ecofriendly renewable energy sources and green products. In this context, plant biomass residues have been presented as a promising alternative to fuels, chemicals and polymers derived from fossil reserves. This feedstock is abundant, cheap and does not compete directly or indirectly with food security. Today, more than 200 valueadded chemicals and biopolymers can be generated by processing lignocellulosic material. However, this technology is not fully developed yet; its major costs stem from the enzymatic depolymerization of the polysaccharides that constitute the plant cell wall (PCW). This step requires enzymatic cocktails composed of several enzymes that synergistically deconstruct the complex PCW. Among these enzymes, pectinases and xylanases play an important role in the depolymerization of pectic polymers and hemicellulose. The present work is a functional and structural study of different classes of pectinase and xylanases with biotechnological potential. It intends to contribute to the full development of PCW enzymatic depolymerization. With this perspective, we studied a pectin methylesterase (Sl PME) and an endo-polygalacturonase (Sl-EndoPG) from the insect Sphenophorus levis; an exo-polygalacturonase (Bl-ExoPG) from Bacillus licheniformis; a GH10 xylanase (MTXyn10); and two GH11 xylanases (MT-Xyn11a and MT-Xyn11b) from the metatranscriptome of sugarcane bagasse compost-derived microbial consortia. The Sl-PME crystallographic structure showed high similarity with other insect PME. It was also concluded that insect PMEs are more similar to bacterial PMEs than fungi or plant PMEs, especially in relation to the catalytic groove. Moreover, insect PMEs exclusively presented a circular permutation that is possibly related to an event of horizontal gene transfer. BlExoPG is monomeric in solution, with optimal activity on neutral pH and 60 o C, being stable in a wide pH range (5-10) and with considerable thermostability at high temperatures. This enzyme, also presented specificity for non-methylated pectin substrates, releasing only monomers of galacturonic acid as catalytic product. All three xylanases studied here are monomeric in solution, with optimal activity between 30 o C and 45 o C and between pHs 6 and 9, retaining more than 50% of original activity in the pHs 5 and 10. Besides, they all showed specificity for xylan, and MT-Xyn10 also showed high activity on arabinoxylan. MT-Xyn10 revealed a set of enzymatic properties attractive for industrial applications, such as high stability in a wide pH range (4-10), thermostability up to 50 o C and released products that are high value-added xilo-oligosaccharides. The MT-Xyn11a crystallographic structure revealed three structural particularities shared with MT-Xyn11b, but not previously described in other GH11. Among these particularities, a loop seems to limit the substrate access to the catalytic site, contributing to the low enzyme affinity presented by both MT-Xyn11a and MT-Xyn11b.

Estudos funcionais e estruturais de pectinases e xilanases com potencial para aplicações biotecnológicas