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MIRANDA, M. A. Solanum cernuum Vell: phytochemical study, investigation of gastroprotective, antimicrobial, cytotoxic activiti es and attainment of dry extract by spray dryer . 2015. 204p. Thesis (PhD). Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 2015. Solanum cernuum Vell. (Solanaceae), popularly known as "panacéia", is a native tree from Southern and Southeastern Brazil. Its traditional name is due to the wide range of uses in folk medicine including the treatment of ulcers, liver damage, skin infections, as diuretic, antitumor, depurative, anti-hemorrhagic, as well as to treat gonorrhoea and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Considering the importance of S. cernuum in folk medicine and the lack of research supporting its use, the aims of this project were to obtain different extracts, fractions and isolated compounds this plant to be tested for gastroprotective, cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activities. Leaves S. cernuum were collected in Teresópolis/RJ. The hydroethanolic (ESC) and ethyl acetate extracts were obtained from the dried and grinded leaves. Fractions in hexane (FHex), dichloromethane (FDCM), ethyl acetate (FAcOEt), n-butanol (FBuOH) and water (FAQ) were obtained from the ESC extract. The ESC extract was fractionated using different chromatographic techniques furnishing four isolated compounds: trans-isoferulic acid, cernumidine, quercitrin and afzelin. The content of these four compounds were quantified to be 1.5%, 4.8%, 1.3% and 1.6%, respectively, in the extract. β-sitosterol and the friedelin were isolated by partitioning the ethyl acetate extract with heptane. In the antimicrobial assay, only FHex, FDCM and FAq fractions showed activity at different concentrations against the tested strains of bacteria and fungi. The hydrodistillation of the leaves of S. cernuum did not fusrnish essential oils, but the partition of the hydrolate with dichloromethane allowed the determination of its composition by GC/MS. The trichomes of S. cernuum are majority kind of stellate tector. Only FDCM fraction and friedelin compound showed activity in XTT assay against MCF-7 cells (breast carcinoma) at the concentration of 16.6 μg/mL and 124.9 μg/mL, respectively. The ESC extract showed gastroprotective effects in the acute gastric ulcer assay, which is induced by HCl/EtOH and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Also, in the chronic ulcer assay, induced by acetic acid, the oral administration of ESC extract (250 mg/kg) reduced the ulcerated area, suggesting that it has a curative potential. The isolated compounds (30 mg/kg) exhibited gastroprotective activity in acute gastric ulcer assay, except cernumidine. The results indicated that the ESC extract was able to reduce the concentration of H+ ions in comparison with the control group. However, ESC extract did not modify the pH of the gastric juice acid and there was no significant increment in the amount of gastric adherent mucus in pretreated group. Further, it was evaluated the role of nitric oxide (NO) and sulfhydryl (SH) groups on the gastroprotective effect elicited by ESC extract. The results showed that gastroprotection induced by the ESC extract is correlated with the presence of endogenous NO and SH groups which were responsible for gastroprotective activity. In the anti-angiogenic activity assay evaluated in HUVEC cells, the FBuOH fraction (50 μg/mL) and the cernumidine alkaloid (160 nM) inhibited the the formation of endothelial vessels by 62.75% and 77.73%, respectively. Different concentrations of the ESC extract and cernumidine alkaloid were further tested in primary culture of

Solanum cernuum Vell: estudo fitoquímico, avaliação das atividades gastroprotetora, antimicrobiana, citotóxica e obtenção do extrato seco por spray dryer