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Guarapiranga reservo ir belongs to Tietê basin, is located at the Metropolitan Area o f São Paulo City, surrounded by Óther neighbours small Cities as Itapecerica da Serra and Embuguaçu, SP (230 43'S and 460 32' W). There are two other towns in its basin, Embu and Cotia. The dam was built in 1906, in the Guarapiranga river, in order to provide electric power and to regulate the flow. It started to supply water to São Paulo City in 1926. Nowadays this reservoir which is the second one of São Paulo State's Basic Sanitary Company, provides water to 60% of São Paulo's Metropolitan Region population, attending 21 districts of São Paulo and another towns, as Osasco and Carapicuiba. It has beeing also used for electric energy production and people recreation. The water quality decreased in the last decades, due to the intensive people migration from other states, attracted to São Paulo's economic development. This demographic growth increased the water's as well as the land uses and occupation, the degradation ofthe basin, and also the explosive development ofthe algae ofits waters. This thesis discuss the ecological and sanitary aspects and indicate adequate management measures, supported by the analysis o f the phytoplanktonic community and its relationships with the environmental variables, through data weekly sampled from may 1991 to july 1992. The analysis of the phytoplanktonic community characteristics and flutuations (richness, density, bioarea, biovolume, species diversity, eveness, survivor species strategies, alteration rates, and community stability testing a new method to evaluate community persistance, which showed to be useful), as well as physical and chemical parameters to evaluate the water quality (temperature, depth, transparency, color, turbidity, conductivity, hidrogenionic potencial, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, alkalinity, hardness, total suspended solids, and PO/, TP, NH4\ N03·, S04·, cr, AI, Ca, Fe, ~ Mg, Mn, Na, Si and Zn) were carried out from two surface sampling stations in the open water. The analysis showed 240 species, detaching Chloroccocales and Zignemaphyceae by their richness. The community showed eutrofication effects through the high algae productivity, expressed by density and biovolume, specially ofhigh trophic levei indicator species. The climatic events and anthropic influences, showed by the eutrophication and hidraulic management, as well as showed by the algae control through copper sulphate were the major umpelling forces promoting phytoplanktonic community changes. Station 1, which was the clo~st station to the dam and intake for supply, showed the urbanization influence o f the surrounding areas as well as o f the copper sulphate applications, which were carried out only in this station. The station 4, upper in the reservoir, showed the effects of recent deforestation in its border region. Among these effects o f the water quality degradation, the most deleterious one, is the input o f elevated concentrations of heavy metais as aluminum, related in the medicai literature, as responsible for AJzheimer's disease. These inputs occurred during high pluviosity periods, and they are related to a deforestation recently carried out at the basin. The rainy season, which promoted these nutrient and contaminant inputs, favoured also the intensive phytoplankton growth. Dictyosphaerium ehrenberghianum was the specie which showed the highest density and biovolume. Cryptophyceae and Zignemaphyceae showed higher alteration rates due to the copper sulphate, and Rhizosolenia eiriensis showed negative correlation with the applied concentration o f this algicide. Mougeotia species contributed expressively to the density and biovolume in the open water, due to the intensive water movement during the higher pluviosity periods. ·The stability ofthe community was attained in some phases in the station 1, the lentic one but never in the station 4, the most lotic one. Pennales showed high persistance in the station 1, and Volvoccales in the station 4, throughout this study. Diatoms attained its higher values in cold-dry periods, in the winter and Chloroccocales and Zygnemaphyceae, during the warmer-wet periods in the summer. The inputs of nutrients from the basin and/or the senescence o f the algae, specially Chlorococcales and Zygnemaphyceae in the summer and the ionic concentration during the most intensive dry periods favoured the growth of Cyanophyceae/Cyanobacteria like Aphanocapsa, Synechoccocus, Oscillatoria and Pseudoanabaena spp. The species which showed the highest productivity are often mentioned in the literature as indicators of eutrophication. Oportunistic species, r-strategists had its development favoured in this environment. The ecological theory, which showed to be more useful and gave more information, was the "non equilibrium" theory, with the Hipothesis ofthe Intermmediate Disturbance test. The environmental and phytoplankton qualities and sanitary characteristics were analysed. The results obtained, as well as economic, political and social present forces were considered in order to propose management measures for improvement of the environmental quality, priorized to be applied in short, medium and long time. This study showed that Guarapiranga reservoir is an environment with high levei of energy and material transference, receiving, changing it in living biomass, and exporting its contents to other environments, in this case, our homes. The recycling is very fast, therefore any improvement of the sanitary levei at the basin and at the water will be reflected immediatly in. the distributed water supply, as well as in the life quality o f the users. CANDIDATA: ZULEIKA BEYRUTH COMUNIDAHE FITOI LANCTÔNICA DA REPRESA DE GUARAPIRANGA: 1991-92. ASPECTOS ECOLÓGICOS, SANITÁRIOS E SUBSÍDIOS PARA REABILITAÇÃO DA QUALIDADE AMBIENTAL. ERRATA (PÁGINA 1 DE 3) (A *)=acrescentar (R*)=remover (S*)=substituir PÁGINA PARÁGRAFO ALTERAÇÃO SUBSTITUIR POR OU ACRESCENTAR 9 1: Figura 2 (S*) Figura3 10 t: Figura 2 (S*) Figura 2 e3 10 6: Figura 2 (S*) Figura 3 12 2: Figura 3 (S*) Figura 2 13 4: Figura 16 (S*) Figura 22 17 2: Figura 4 (S*) Figura3 27 lo os diagramas (S*) o diagrama 28 2: 0.0002). No (S*) 0.0002); no 29 1: P=O). No (S*) P=O); no 48 7: 23 e respectivamente (R*) 49 3: Tabelas 14 a 21 (S*) Tabelas 15,17,19 e 21 61 5: Tabelas 32 e 32 (S*) Tabelas 31 e 32 62 3: t2. Em (S*) t2; em 62 6: bicaudatus. Em (S*) · bicaudatus; em 63 3: pulchellum. Em (S*) pulchel/um; em 64 t: ehrenberghianum. Em (S*) ehrenberghianum; em 64 5: minutissima. Em (S*) minutissima; em 65 3: vulgaris. Em (S*) vulgarls; em 66 r eiriensis. Em (S*) eiriensis; em 66 6: nas figuras apresentadas (R*) 66 5: granula/a. Em (S*) granula/a; em 79 2: Figura 3 (R*) 88 lo E AS (S*) EA 92 40 Monorapidium (S*) Monoraphidium 177 90 p(R*) 180 60 Drum & Hopkins (A* data) 1965 180 5: Drury & Nisbet (A* data) 1973 182 3: Henry (A* data) 1990 183 I: Klemer (A* data) 1991 179 to: Cooke & Gould (A* data) 1991 A-6 (A*) A-6.7 A-6 (A*) A-6.8 cOMUNIDADE FITOPLANCTÔNICA DA REPRESA DE GUARAPIRANGA: 1991-92. ASPECTOS ECOLÓGICOS, SANITÁRIOS E SUBSÍDIOS PARA REABILITAÇÃO DA QUALIDADE AMBIENTAL. ERRATA (PÁGINA 2 DE 3) A-6.7 TABELA 6 CORRELAÇÕES ENTRE AS VARIÁ V EIS AMBIENTAIS ABIÓTICAS DURANTE O PERÍODO DE ESTUDO, TESTE DE SPEARMAN (SIEGEL, 1975). NÍVEL CONSIDERADO: P>=O.OSO. REPRESA DE GUARAPIRANGAPONTOS 1 E 4, 1991-92. Temperatura da água (T AG); profundidade (PROF); transparência ao disco de Secchi (SEC); cor (COR);turbidez (TUR); condutividade (CON); pH (pH); oxigênio dissolvido (00); demanda bioquímica de oxigênio (DBO); alcalinidadc (ALC); dureza (DUR); sólidos totais em suspensão (SOT); fósforo solúvel reativo (P04"); fósforo totnl (PT); am6nlo (NH/); nitrato (No~·).Precipihwiio de 24 (P24); 72 (P72) e 168 horas (PI68) anteriores às coletas; vazão afluente natural (ÀNA), recalcada (ARE) e total (AT); na vazão para abastecimento (EAB); elevação (ELE) e volume (VOL); precipitação média mensal (P); excedente hídrico (EXC); escoamento básico (ESC): deficiência hídrica do solo (DEF); radiação solar (RAD); insolação (INS); velocidade dos ventos (VEN); aplicação de sulfato de cobre do dia anterior (SA) e do dia da coleta (S) Ponto 4 .J.. (P4). PONT04

Comunidade fitoplanctônica da represa de Guarapiranga: 1991-92: aspectos ecológicos sanitários e subsídios para reabilitação da qualidade ambiental